र -  ra

रंजन (rañjana)

   : The act of dyeing, colouring, or staining.

   Context: In Ayurvedic pharmacology, it can refer to the process of imparting a therapeutic colour or property to a metal or mineral through processing (e.g., with herbal juices).

रक्त (rakta)

   :

1.  Physiological: Blood, the second tissue (dhātu) among the seven primary tissues. Its primary function is Jīvana (to sustain life).

2.  Visual: The colour red.

   Physiology: It is formed in the liver (Yakṛt) and spleen (Plīhā) by the action of Rañjaka Pitta. It is primarily composed of the Fire (Agni) Mahābhūta.

रक्त वर्ग (rakta varga)

   : A pharmacological category (group) of substances that primarily act on the blood (rakta dhātu).

   Composition: Typically includes seven blood-purifying plants like Manjishtha (Indian Madder).

रक्तपुष्टि (raktapuṣṭi)

   : Nourishment, strengthening, or promotion of healthy blood tissue.

रक्तमोक्षण (raktamokṣaṇa)

   : Bloodletting; a therapeutic procedure for the removal of vitiated blood or toxins from the bloodstream.

   Methods: Done using leeches (jalaukā), venesection (siravedha), or blood-extracting horns (śṛṅga).

   Indication: Used in conditions of blood toxicity, Pitta-dominated disorders, and some Vāta disorders.

रक्तवर्ण (raktavarṇa)

   : Blood-red colour.

रक्तवस्त्र इच्छा (raktavastra icchā)

   : A desire or fondness for wearing red-coloured clothes.

रक्तसिराजालं (raktasirājālaṁ)

   : A network or web of red-coloured (blood) vessels; visible capillaries or telangiectasia.

रक्ताभ (raktābha)

   : Reddish; having a red appearance or tinge.

रक्ताभं मूत्रं (raktābhaṁ mūtraṁ)

   : Urine that is red or blood-tinged; hematuria.

रक्षोघ्नं (rakṣoghnaṁ)

   : Substances that are anti-microbial, disinfectant, or used to ward off infections and evil influences (often aromatic herbs like Neem, Turmeric, etc.).

रज् (raj)

   : To be coloured, affected, moved, or excited.

रजः (rajaḥ)

   :

1.  Pharmacology: A fine powder (cūrṇa); a solid dosage form.

2.  Philosophy: One of the three Guṇas (qualities of nature), representing activity, passion, and motion.

3.  Physiological: Menstrual discharge.

रजस् आवृतं इव दर्शनं (rajas āvṛtaṁ iva darśanaṁ)

   : A symptom where one sees objects as if covered by a veil of dust; indicative of visual disturbance.

रञ्जक पित्त (rañjaka pitta)

   : A sub-type of Pitta located in the liver and spleen. Its function is to convert the essence of nutrient fluid (Rasa dhātu) into blood (Rakta dhātu).

रतं (rataṁ)

   : Indulged in; habituated; devoted to.

रतिः (ratiḥ)

   : Delight, pleasure, sexual desire, or enjoyment. Also the name of the wife of Kāma, the god of love.

रत्न (ratna)

   : A gem, jewel, or precious stone.

रत्न वर्ग (ratna varga)

   : A pharmacological category of precious and semi-precious stones used in therapeutics (e.g., Pearl, Coral, Emerald).

रथ्याचैलपरिधान (rathyācailaparidhāna)

   : The act of wearing rags or clothes picked up from the roadside; a sign of severe mental imbalance or psychosis.

रथ्यैक द्रुम सेवी (rathyaika druma sevī)

   : A habit of sitting alone under a solitary tree on the roadside; indicative of unsocial or psychotic behavior.

रदित (radita)

   : A type of non-venomous or mildly venomous snake bite characterized by superficial fang marks and discoloration (red, blue, white, or yellow stripes) around the wound.

रमणीय (ramaṇīya)

   : Delightful, charming, beautiful.

रस (rasa)

   : This term has four critical s:

1.  Taste: The taste perceived by the tongue. There are six primary tastes (Madhura-sweet, Amla-sour, Lavana-salty, Katu-pungent, Tikta-bitter, Kaṣāya-astringent). Each indicates a drug's pharmacological properties.

2.  Mercury: The elemental metal Mercury (Hg), used extensively in Rasashastra (Indian alchemy/iatrochemistry).

3.  Tissue Fluid: The first and most refined tissue (dhātu), Rasa Dhātu, representing plasma and lymph. Its function is Prīṇana (nourishment).

4.  Soup: A meat soup or broth, considered nutritive and strengthening.

रस अग्राहिता / अज्ञानं / अपरिज्ञानं / नाश (rasa agrāhitā / ajñānaṁ / aparijñānaṁ / nāśa)

   : Loss of taste perception; ageusia.

रस इच्छा (rasa icchā)

   : A desire for solitude. (Note: This  is distinct from 'taste'. It derives from a different root  'to dwell').

रस धातु (rasa dhātu)

   : See रस (rasa),  #3.

रस निन्दक् (rasa nindak)

   : A detractor or non-believer in the science of Mercury processing (Rasashastra).

रसकर्म (rasakarma)

   : Practical procedures related to iatrochemistry and the processing of metals and minerals, especially mercury.

रसक्रिया (rasakriyā)

   : The process of concentrating a decoction (kvātha) by boiling it down to a semi-solid consistency without adding any sweetening agents.

रसज्ञ (rasajña)

   : An expert in the science of iatrochemistry (Rasashastra).

रसना (rasanā)

   : The tongue; the organ of taste.

रसनेन्द्रियः (rasanendriyaḥ)

   : The sensory organ of taste (i.e., the tongue).

रसराज (rasarāja)

   : "The king of rasa"; a synonym for Mercury, highlighting its supreme status in Rasashastra.

रसलिङ्ग (rasaliṅga)

   : An idol for worship made by solidifying amalgamated mercury into the shape of a Śivaliṅga.

रसविद्या (rasavidyā)

   : The science of iatrochemistry, alchemy, and transmutation.

रसायन (rasāyana)

   : Rejuvenation therapy. A branch of Ayurveda dealing with remedies and regimens that promote longevity, prevent ageing, enhance immunity (oja), and improve vitality and mental faculties. Literally, "that which conducts (ayana) the essence (rasa) [to the tissues]".

रसाल (rasāla)

   : A sweet, spiced preparation made from churned curd, sugar, and spices like pepper. It is nutritive, aphrodisiac, and strengthening.

रहस्कामता (rahaskāmatā)

   : A desire for solitude or secrecy.

रहस्य भाषाणं (rahasya bhāṣāṇaṁ)

   : The act of revealing secrets; indiscreet speech.

राग (rāga)

   :

1.  Visual: Redness, inflammation.

2.  Culinary: A sweet and sour sauce or cordial prepared from fruits like āmalakī, mixed with sugar and spices.

3.  Psychological: Attachment, affection, or desire.

राजहस्त (rājahasta)

   : A unit of measurement: "a king's cubit," traditionally equated to approximately 22 inches.

राजिमत् / राजी (rājimat / rājī)

   : Striped, lined, or streaked appearance. Often used to describe the pattern on a snake's body (e.g., a krait) or abnormal lines in excreta.

राजिमान् (rājimān)

   : A type of venomous snake, specifically the krait, characterized by its variegated colour pattern with bands or streaks.

रात्रिचर्या (rātricaryā)

   : The nightly regimen; prescribed conduct for the evening, including dinner, sleep, and sexual intercourse.

राशि (rāśi)

   :

1.  General: Quantity, heap, collection.

2.  Philosophical: The concept of the "cosmic man" (Rāśi Puruṣa), representing the body as a aggregation of 24 principles (5 elements, 5 sense organs, 5 action organs, 5 tanmātrās, and 4 aspects of mind).

राशी (rāśī)

   : A specific unit of measurement for volume and weight, equivalent to one Droṇa (~12.3 kg or liters).

रिक्तता सिरा (riktatā sirā)

   : Emptiness or collapsed state of veins (often observed after bloodletting).

रिरंसा (riraṁsā)

   : An excessive desire or urge for sexual intercourse.

रुक् अनुगतं पुरीषप्रवर्तनं (ruk anugataṁ purīṣapravartanaṁ)

   : Painful defecation.

रुक्ष (rukṣa)

   : Dry, rough, parching. A fundamental quality (guṇa) that increases Vāta and pacifies Kapha.

रुक्षणं (rukṣaṇaṁ)

   : The process of causing dryness or emaciation.

रुक्षान्न् उपाचरेत (rukṣānn upācareta)

   : "One should treat with dry food." A dietary advice for obese individuals, those with excess Kapha, or patients with conditions like diabetes (madhumeha).

रुग्णत्व (rugṇatva)

   : The state of being diseased; morbidity; pain.

रुचिः (ruciḥ)

   :

1.  Taste, flavor.

2.  Desire, appetite, interest.

रुचिकर (rucikara)

   : Appetizing, stomachic; that which improves taste perception and kindles digestive fire (agni).

रुजा (rujā)

   : Pain, disease, illness.

रुढी (ruḍhī)

   : Tradition, conventional ; a basis for plant nomenclature based on popular or traditional use rather than descriptive etymology.

रुद्यते (rudyate)

   : Smelting; the process of melting or fusing metals.

रुद्रभाग / रुद्रांश (rudrabhāga / rudrāṁśa)

   : A traditional commission or fee for a physician, equivalent to one-eleventh (1/11th or ~9%) of the price of the medicine prescribed. (Rudras are eleven in number).

रुधिरगन्धं (rudhiragandhaṁ)

   : Smell of blood.

रुधिरष्ठीव (rudhiraṣṭhīva)

   : Spitting of blood; hemoptysis.

रुधिरान्वयं (rudhirānvayaṁ)

   : Mixed with, accompanied by, or containing blood.

रूप (rūpa)

   : Form, shape, figure, visible appearance. One of the five objects of sense perception (sight).

रूपदर्शन असहत्व (rūpadarśana asahatva)

   : Intolerance to light or inability to look at objects; photophobia.

रेखापूरण (rekhāpūraṇa)

   : "Filling the lines of the fingers." A classical test for the fineness of a calcined powder (bhasma), where a pinch of bhasma is rubbed between the thumb and index finger. If it is imperceptible and fills the fingerprint grooves, it is considered properly prepared.

रेचनं (recanaṁ)

   : Purgation, evacuation, cleansing. Also, substances that induce purgation.

रेतस् (retas)

   : Semen; the male reproductive tissue (śukra dhātu).

रोग (roga)

   : Disease, ailment, sickness. Literally, "that which causes suffering."

रोगनुत् (roganut)

   : Disease-alleviating; substances or therapies used primarily for treating diseases.

रोचना (rocanā)

   : Inspissated bile (e.g., from a cow); bezoar. Used in medicine.

रोचनाचूर्णवर्ण मूत्रं (rocanācūrṇavarṇa mūtraṁ)

   : Urine that is the colour of rocanā (bezoar) powder; yellowish-green.

रोदन (rodana)

   : Crying, weeping.

रोधः / रोधनं (rodhaḥ / rodhanaṁ)

   : Obstruction, blockage, suppression, stiffness. Rodhanaṃ can specifically refer to stiffness or constriction in the chest/heart region.

रोधन् (rodhan)

   : A specific alchemical process (saṃskāra) for reactivating mercury from an inert state by submerging it in specific liquid media.

रोपणं (ropaṇaṁ)

   : Healing, cicatrization; substances that promote wound healing and tissue regeneration.

रोम असंभव (roma asaṁbhava)

   : Absence of hair growth; alopecia.

रोम संलुलनं / संवेजनं (roma saṁlulanaṁ / saṁvejanaṁ)

   : Horripilation; standing of body hair on end (goosebumps).

रोम सदनम् / च्युति / विध्वंसनं (roma sadanam / cyuti / vidhvaṁsanaṁ)

   : Falling out of hair.

रोमशातनं (romaśātanaṁ)

   : Depilatory; substances that cause the removal or falling out of body hair.

रोमहर्षः / रोमाञ्च (romaharṣaḥ / romāñca)

   : Horripilation.

रोषणं (roṣaṇaṁ)

   :

1.  Anger, fury.

2.  Horripilation (less common ).

रौक्ष्य (raukṣya)

   : Dryness; the state or quality of being dry (rukṣa).

रौद्र चेष्टा (raudra ceṣṭā)

   : Frightening, fierce, or terrifying behavior.

रौद्रयंत्र (raudrayaṁtra)

   : An apparatus or method in alchemy that involves exposing a substance to the intense heat of the scorching sun for processing.